metric_id,category,metric_name,value,unit,year,geography,source_organization,source_document,source_url,notes
1,Global Electricity Demand,Global data center electricity consumption,460,TWh (approximate midpoint),2025,Global,International Energy Agency,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,IEA gives range 460-490 TWh; midpoint used
2,Global Electricity Demand,Global data center electricity growth YoY,17,%,2025,Global,International Energy Agency,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,
3,Global Electricity Demand,AI-focused data center electricity growth YoY,50,%,2025,Global,International Energy Agency,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,
4,Global Electricity Demand,Global electricity demand growth (overall),3,%,2025,Global,International Energy Agency,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,
5,Global Electricity Demand,Global data center electricity consumption,415,TWh,2024,Global,International Energy Agency,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,
6,Global Electricity Demand,Projected global data center demand (base case),945,TWh,2030,Global,International Energy Agency,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,
7,Global Electricity Demand,Projected global data center demand (base case),1200,TWh,2035,Global,International Energy Agency,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,
8,US Electricity Demand,US data center electricity consumption,58,TWh,2014,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
9,US Electricity Demand,US data center electricity consumption,176,TWh,2023,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
10,US Electricity Demand,US data center share of total US electricity,4.4,%,2023,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
11,US Electricity Demand,US data center share of total US electricity,1.9,%,2018,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
12,US Electricity Demand,US data center electricity consumption (IEA estimate),183,TWh,2024,United States,IEA / Pew Research Center,What we know about energy use at US data centers,https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/10/24/what-we-know-about-energy-use-at-us-data-centers-amid-the-ai-boom/,
13,US Electricity Demand,Projected US data center demand (low scenario),325,TWh,2028,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
14,US Electricity Demand,Projected US data center demand (high scenario),580,TWh,2028,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
15,US Electricity Demand,Projected US data center share of US electricity (low),6.7,%,2028,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
16,US Electricity Demand,Projected US data center share of US electricity (high),12,%,2028,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
17,AI Compute Energy,Power of leading AI supercomputer (Oak Ridge Summit),13,MW,2019,United States,Epoch AI,AI Supercomputers Power Trend,https://epoch.ai/data-insights/ai-supercomputers-power-trend,January 2019 baseline
18,AI Compute Energy,Power of leading AI supercomputer (xAI Colossus),280,MW,2025,United States,Epoch AI,AI Supercomputers Power Trend,https://epoch.ai/data-insights/ai-supercomputers-power-trend,
19,AI Compute Energy,AI supercomputer power doubling rate,13,months per doubling,2019-2025,Global,Epoch AI,AI Supercomputers Power Trend,https://epoch.ai/data-insights/ai-supercomputers-power-trend,
20,AI Compute Energy,Projected frontier AI training power demand (2030 low),4,GW per single training run,2030,Global,Epoch AI / EPRI,Power Demands of Frontier AI Training,https://epoch.ai/blog/power-demands-of-frontier-ai-training,
21,AI Compute Energy,Projected frontier AI training power demand (2030 high),16,GW per single training run,2030,Global,Epoch AI / EPRI,Power Demands of Frontier AI Training,https://epoch.ai/blog/power-demands-of-frontier-ai-training,
22,AI Compute Energy,AI share of data center power use (current),5-15,%,2025,Global,IEA / Carbon Brief,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,Approximate range
23,AI Compute Energy,AI share of data center power use (projected),35-50,%,2030,Global,IEA,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,
24,Carbon Emissions,CO2 from global data center electricity generation,182,Mt CO2,2024,Global,IEA (cited in NIH/PMC),Carbon and water footprints of data centers,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827721/,
25,Carbon Emissions,Implied average carbon intensity of data center electricity,395.65,gCO2/kWh,2024,Global,Axis Intelligence Research (cross-calculated),AI Data Center Energy Statistics 2026,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/,ORIGINAL METRIC: IEA 460 TWh + 182 Mt CO2
26,Carbon Emissions,AI systems carbon footprint estimate (low),32.6,Mt CO2,2025,Global,NIH/PMC (Cell Reports Sustainability),Carbon and water footprints of data centers,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827721/,
27,Carbon Emissions,AI systems carbon footprint estimate (high),79.7,Mt CO2,2025,Global,NIH/PMC (Cell Reports Sustainability),Carbon and water footprints of data centers,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827721/,
28,Carbon Emissions,Projected global data center CO2 share (base case),1,%,2030,Global,IEA,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,Share of global CO2
29,Carbon Emissions,Projected global data center CO2 share (high scenario),1.4,%,2030,Global,IEA,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,Share of global CO2
30,Carbon Emissions,US AI data center CO2 annual (current trajectory by 2030 low),24,Mt CO2/year,2030,United States,Cornell University,Roadmap shows the environmental impact of AI data center boom,https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/11/roadmap-shows-environmental-impact-ai-data-center-boom/,
31,Carbon Emissions,US AI data center CO2 annual (current trajectory by 2030 high),44,Mt CO2/year,2030,United States,Cornell University,Roadmap shows the environmental impact of AI data center boom,https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/11/roadmap-shows-environmental-impact-ai-data-center-boom/,
32,Water Consumption,Direct water use US data centers,17,billion gallons,2023,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
33,Water Consumption,Indirect water use US data centers (electricity generation),211,billion gallons,2023,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
34,Water Consumption,Hyperscale/colocation share of US data center water,84,%,2023,United States,DOE / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2024 US Data Center Energy Usage Report,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,
35,Water Consumption,North American data center water consumption,1000,billion liters (~1 trillion L),2025,North America,Mordor Intelligence (cited by Reuters / TechRadar),Multiple,https://www.techradar.com/pro/we-havent-seen-them-disclosing-enough-about-their-water-consumption-and-the-impact-on-the-local-community-amazon-microsoft-google-and-more-pressed-on-data-center-water-and-power-use,
36,Water Consumption,Google direct water consumption,24227,megalitres,2023,Global,Google Sustainability Report,Google Environmental Report 2023,https://sustainability.google/,Older data: 2023 figures
37,Water Consumption,Microsoft direct water consumption,7844,megalitres,2023,Global,Microsoft Environmental Report,Microsoft Environmental Sustainability Report,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/report,Older data: 2023 figures
38,Geographic Concentration,Data center share of Virginia electricity,26,%+,2024,United States - Virginia,IEA / Pew Research Center,What we know about energy use at US data centers,https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/10/24/what-we-know-about-energy-use-at-us-data-centers-amid-the-ai-boom/,PJM Dominion zone
39,Geographic Concentration,Data center share of Dublin city electricity,79,%,2023-2024,Ireland - Dublin,Oeko-Institut (cited by Carbon Brief),AI five charts that put data centre energy use into context,https://www.carbonbrief.org/ai-five-charts-that-put-data-centre-energy-use-and-emissions-into-context/,
40,Geographic Concentration,Data center share of Ireland national electricity,21,%,2023,Ireland,IEA,Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai,Older data; projected 32% by 2026
41,Geographic Concentration,Data center share of Frankfurt metro electricity,42,%,2024,Germany - Frankfurt,Brookings Institution,Global energy demands within the AI regulatory landscape,https://www.brookings.edu/articles/global-energy-demands-within-the-ai-regulatory-landscape/,
42,Geographic Concentration,Virginia energy demand projected increase by 2040,183,%,2040,United States - Virginia,American Action Forum,Virginia's New Data Center Electricity Rate Class,https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/virginias-new-data-center-electricity-rate-class/,
43,Geographic Concentration,PJM Dominion zone capacity auction price increase,833,%,2024-2025,United States - Virginia,American Action Forum,Virginia's New Data Center Electricity Rate Class,https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/virginias-new-data-center-electricity-rate-class/,Between 2024 and 2025-2026 market cycles
44,Hyperscaler Capex,Combined hyperscaler capex (5 companies),660,USD billions (low),2026,United States,Tom's Hardware / CNBC / Epoch AI,Multiple earnings filings,https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/big-tech/big-techs-ai-spending-plans-reach-725-billion,Amazon + Alphabet + Microsoft + Meta + Oracle
45,Hyperscaler Capex,Combined hyperscaler capex (5 companies),725,USD billions (high),2026,United States,Tom's Hardware / CNBC / Epoch AI,Multiple earnings filings,https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/big-tech/big-techs-ai-spending-plans-reach-725-billion,
46,Hyperscaler Capex,AI-attributed share of hyperscaler capex,75,%,2026,United States,Multiple earnings disclosures,Multiple,https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/big-tech/big-techs-ai-spending-plans-reach-725-billion,
47,Hyperscaler Capex,Hyperscaler capex growth rate (since Q2 2023),72,%/year average,2023-2025,United States,Epoch AI,Hyperscaler capex trend,https://epoch.ai/data-insights/hyperscaler-capex-trend,Based on SEC filings
48,Nuclear and Renewables,Nuclear capacity contracted by hyperscalers (US),10,GW+,2024-2025,United States,S&P Global Sustainable1 / ETF Stream,Hyperscaler procurement to shape US power investment,https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/special-editorial/hyperscaler-procurement-to-shape-us-power-investment,18-month period through end of 2025
49,Nuclear and Renewables,SMR conditional offtake pipeline,25,GW,2024-12,Global,IEA,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,End of 2024
50,Nuclear and Renewables,SMR conditional offtake pipeline,45,GW,2026-04,Global,IEA,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,As of April 2026
51,Nuclear and Renewables,US data centers total clean energy contracts,80,GW+,2025,United States,S&P Global Sustainable1,Hyperscaler procurement to shape US power investment,https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/special-editorial/hyperscaler-procurement-to-shape-us-power-investment,
52,Nuclear and Renewables,Tech sector share of global corporate renewable PPAs,40,%,2025,Global,IEA,Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,
53,Nuclear and Renewables,Meta nuclear pipeline (agreements),6.6,GW,2026-01,Global,Data Center Knowledge,Meta Secures 6.6 GW of Nuclear Energy to Power AI Data Centers,https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/deals/meta-secures-nuclear-energy-to-power-ai-data-centers,
54,Axis Intelligence Original Metric,AEII (AI Energy Intensity Index) Q2 2026,2.94,× ratio (AI growth / total DC growth),2026-Q2,Global/US,Axis Intelligence Research,AI Data Center Energy Consumption Statistics 2026,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/,ORIGINAL METRIC — cross-source: IEA 50% AI growth ÷ IEA 17% total DC growth
55,Axis Intelligence Original Metric,AI-attributed US data center consumption 2028 (estimated low),160,TWh,2028,United States,Axis Intelligence Research,AI Data Center Energy Consumption Statistics 2026,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/,ORIGINAL METRIC — AEII 2.94× applied to LBNL midpoint projection
56,Axis Intelligence Original Metric,AI-attributed US data center consumption 2028 (estimated high),220,TWh,2028,United States,Axis Intelligence Research,AI Data Center Energy Consumption Statistics 2026,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/,ORIGINAL METRIC — AEII 2.94× applied to LBNL midpoint projection

DATASET METADATA
Dataset title: AI Data Center Energy Consumption Statistics 2026
Published by: Axis Intelligence Research (axis-intelligence.com/about/axis-intelligence-research/)
Publication date: 2026-06-05
Version: 1.0
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution required: "Axis Intelligence Research, AI Data Center Energy Consumption Statistics 2026, axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/ CC BY 4.0"
Dataset URL: https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-energy-consumption-statistics/
CSV URL: https://axis-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ai-data-center-energy-2026.csv
Next update: September 2026 (Q3)