metric_category,metric_name,value,unit,year,geography,source_name,source_url,source_type,notes
Electricity Consumption,Global data center electricity demand,415,TWh,2024,Global,IEA - Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai,Primary (IGO),"IEA 2025 report"
Electricity Consumption,Global data center electricity demand,485,TWh,2025,Global,IEA - Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),"IEA April 2026 report; 17% YoY increase"
Electricity Consumption,AI-focused data center electricity YoY growth,50,%,2025,Global,IEA - Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),"Faster than total data center growth"
Electricity Consumption,Global data center electricity demand projected,950,TWh,2030,Global,IEA - Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai,Primary (IGO),"IEA Base Case"
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center electricity consumption,154,TWh,2023,United States,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32d6m0d1,Primary (DOE/National Lab),""
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center electricity consumption,183,TWh,2024,United States,IEA / Pew Research,https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/10/24/what-we-know-about-energy-use-at-us-data-centers-amid-the-ai-boom/,Primary (IGO + Research),"Equivalent to Pakistan annual electricity demand; 4% of U.S. total"
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center as share of total U.S. electricity,4.4,%,2023,United States,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / DOE,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,Primary (DOE),""
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center projected share of total U.S. electricity (range),6.7-12,%,2028,United States,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / DOE,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,Primary (DOE),"LBNL scenario range"
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center projected electricity consumption (range),325-580,TWh,2028,United States,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / DOE,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers,Primary (DOE),"LBNL scenario range"
Electricity Consumption,U.S. data center projected electricity consumption,426,TWh,2030,United States,IEA / Pew Research,https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/10/24/what-we-know-about-energy-use-at-us-data-centers-amid-the-ai-boom/,Primary (IGO),"133% increase vs 2024"
Electricity Consumption,Global data center share of total electricity demand,1.5,%,2025,Global,IEA,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),""
Electricity Consumption,Global data center projected share of total electricity demand,3,%,2030,Global,IEA,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai,Primary (IGO),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center power demand,31,GW,2025,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center power demand (forecast),41,GW,2026,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center power demand (forecast),66,GW,2027,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center power shortfall (Goldman estimate),9.3,GW,2026,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center power shortfall (Goldman estimate),45,GW,2028,United States,Goldman Sachs Research / Fortune,https://fortune.com/2026/05/13/goldman-sachs-ai-agent-energy-bottleneck-labor-shortage/,Primary (Financial Research),"Cumulative gap"
Power Demand (GW),Global data center power (current),55,GW,2025,Global,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/ai-to-drive-165-increase-in-data-center-power-demand-by-2030,Primary (Financial Research),"AI = 14%; cloud = 54%; traditional = 32%"
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center capacity addition,6.4,GW,2024,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Power Demand (GW),U.S. data center capacity addition,8.5,GW,2025,United States,Goldman Sachs Research,https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/us-data-center-power-demand-projected-to-double-by-2027,Primary (Financial Research),""
Capital Investment,Amazon capex (actual),125,Billion USD,2025,United States,Amazon Q4 2025 Earnings Call / SEC,https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=AMZN&type=8-K,Primary (SEC Filing),""
Capital Investment,Amazon capex (guidance),200,Billion USD,2026,United States,Amazon Q1 2026 Earnings Call / SEC,https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=AMZN&type=8-K,Primary (SEC Filing),""
Capital Investment,Alphabet capex (actual),91,Billion USD,2025,United States,Alphabet Q4 2025 Earnings Call,https://abc.xyz/investor/,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Alphabet capex (guidance),175-185,Billion USD,2026,United States,Alphabet Q1 2026 Earnings Call,https://abc.xyz/investor/,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Meta capex (actual),72,Billion USD,2025,United States,Meta Q4 2025 Earnings Call,https://investor.fb.com/,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Meta capex (guidance),115-135,Billion USD,2026,United States,Meta Q1 2026 Earnings Call,https://investor.fb.com/,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Microsoft capex (actual),90,Billion USD,2025,United States,Microsoft Q4 FY2025 Earnings,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/investor,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Microsoft capex (guidance revised),190,Billion USD,2026,United States,Microsoft Q1 FY2027 CFO Commentary / Amy Hood,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/investor,Primary (Investor Relations),"$25B attributed to higher component pricing"
Capital Investment,Oracle capex (guidance),50,Billion USD,2026,United States,Oracle FY2026 Earnings,https://investor.oracle.com/,Primary (Investor Relations),""
Capital Investment,Big Five hyperscaler total capex (actual),400-410,Billion USD,2025,Global,IEA / Earnings Reports,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO + SEC),""
Capital Investment,Big Five hyperscaler total capex (guidance),660-725,Billion USD,2026,Global,Q1 2026 Earnings / Financial Times,https://www.ft.com,Primary (Earnings Reports),"77% increase YoY"
Capital Investment,AI-specific share of Big Five 2026 capex,75,%,2026,Global,IEEE ComSoc Technology Blog / Goldman Sachs,https://techblog.comsoc.org/2025/12/22/hyperscaler-capex-600-bn-in-2026-a-36-increase-over-2025-while-global-spending-on-cloud-infrastructure-services-skyrockets/,Primary (IEEE),""
Capital Investment,Stargate Project total commitment,500,Billion USD,2025-2029,United States,OpenAI official announcement,https://openai.com/index/announcing-the-stargate-project/,Primary (Company Announcement),""
Capital Investment,Stargate planned capacity,10,GW,2025-2029,United States,OpenAI official announcement,https://openai.com/index/announcing-the-stargate-project/,Primary (Company Announcement),""
Capital Investment,Stargate capacity committed by Q3 2025,7,GW (planned),2025,United States,OpenAI official announcement Sep 2025,https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/,Primary (Company Announcement),""
Capital Investment,McKinsey global AI data center capex projection 2030 (cumulative),6700,Billion USD,2025-2030,Global,McKinsey and Company,https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-cost-of-compute,Primary (Consulting Research),"~70% attributable to AI workloads"
Capacity,Global hyperscale data centers (large-scale),1189,Facilities,2025 Q1,Global,Synergy Research Group,https://www.srgresearch.com/,Primary (Research Organization),""
Capacity,Hyperscale facilities in planning/construction pipeline,504,Facilities,2025 Q1,Global,Synergy Research Group,https://www.srgresearch.com/,Primary (Research Organization),""
Capacity,Global data center capacity (current),100,GW,2025,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Global data center capacity projected,200,GW,2030,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Global capacity addition projected 2025-2030,97,GW,2025-2030,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Americas share of global data center capacity,50,%,2025,Americas,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Americas CAGR 2025-2030,17,%,2025-2030,Americas,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,APAC current capacity,32,GW,2025,Asia-Pacific,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,APAC projected capacity,57,GW,2030,Asia-Pacific,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Northern Virginia market capacity,5.6,GW,H1 2025,United States,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,Dallas-Fort Worth market capacity,1.5,GW,H1 2025,United States,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,North America total colocation inventory (H1 2025),15.5,GW,H1 2025,North America,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Capacity,North America capacity under construction (end-2024),6.6,GW,Year-end 2024,North America,JLL North America Data Center Year-End 2024,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/record-low-data-center-vacancy-fuels-modern-day-gold-rush,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Market Conditions,North America colocation vacancy rate,2.3,%,H1 2025,North America,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Record low"
Market Conditions,Northern Virginia vacancy rate,<1,%,H1 2025,United States,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Market Conditions,Primary North American markets vacancy (year-end 2025),1.4,%,Year-end 2025,North America,CBRE Year-End 2025,https://www.cbre.com/insights/reports/north-america-data-center-trends-h2-2025,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Market Conditions,EMEA (FLAP-D) colocation vacancy,6.3,%,Q4 2025,EMEA,JLL EMEA Year-End Data Centre Report 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-uk/insights/emea-data-centre-report,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Down from 16.9% in 2021"
Market Conditions,Average U.S. grid connection wait time,4,Years,H1 2025,United States,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),""
Market Conditions,U.S. colocation rent increase CAGR,11,%,2020-2024,United States,JLL North America Data Center Year-End 2024,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/record-low-data-center-vacancy-fuels-modern-day-gold-rush,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Per annum"
Market Conditions,North America new facility pre-leasing rate,72,%,2025,North America,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Pre-leased before breaking ground"
Market Conditions,U.S. commercial electricity rate increase since 2020,30,%,H1 2025,United States,JLL North America Data Center Midyear 2025,https://www.jll.com/en-us/newsroom/data-center-availability-crisis-deepens-as-vacancy-hits-historic-low,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Average rate: $0.097/kWh"
Construction Costs,Average global data center construction cost,7.7,Million USD per MW,2020,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Shell and core only"
Construction Costs,Average global data center construction cost,10.7,Million USD per MW,2025,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Shell and core only; 7% CAGR 2020-2025"
Construction Costs,Average global data center construction cost (forecast),11.3,Million USD per MW,2026,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Shell and core only; 6% YoY"
Construction Costs,AI infrastructure technology fit-out cost (additional),Up to 25,Million USD per MW,2026,Global,JLL 2026 Global Data Center Outlook,https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/market-outlook/data-center-outlook,Primary (Real Estate Research),"Beyond shell and core"
NVIDIA Revenue,NVIDIA data center revenue Q1 FY2026,39.1,Billion USD,Q1 FY2026 (Apr 2025),United States,NVIDIA Corporation SEC Form 8-K,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001045810/000104581025000115/q1fy26pr.htm,Primary (SEC Filing),"73% YoY growth"
NVIDIA Revenue,NVIDIA data center revenue Q2 FY2026,41.1,Billion USD,Q2 FY2026 (Jul 2025),United States,NVIDIA Corporation SEC Form 8-K,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001045810/000104581025000207/q2fy26pr.htm,Primary (SEC Filing),"56% YoY growth"
NVIDIA Revenue,NVIDIA data center revenue Q3 FY2026,51.2,Billion USD,Q3 FY2026 (Oct 2025),United States,NVIDIA Corporation SEC Form 8-K,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001045810/000104581025000228/q3fy26pr.htm,Primary (SEC Filing),"66% YoY growth; record"
NVIDIA Revenue,NVIDIA data center revenue Q1 FY2027,75.2,Billion USD,Q1 FY2027 (Apr 2026),United States,NVIDIA Corporation SEC Form 8-K,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001045810/000104581026000051/q1fy27cfocommentary.htm,Primary (SEC Filing),"92% YoY growth; all-time record"
NVIDIA Revenue,NVIDIA total revenue Q1 FY2027,81.6,Billion USD,Q1 FY2027 (Apr 2026),United States,NVIDIA Corporation SEC Form 8-K,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001045810/000104581026000051/q1fy27cfocommentary.htm,Primary (SEC Filing),"85% YoY growth; record"
Water Consumption,U.S. data centers as of April 2026,4000+,Facilities,April 2026,United States,MOST Policy Initiative,https://mostpolicyinitiative.org/science-note/data-center-water-use/,Primary (Policy Research),"37% of world total"
Water Consumption,Share of water that evaporates in data center cooling,85,%,2026,Global,MOST Policy Initiative,https://mostpolicyinitiative.org/science-note/data-center-water-use/,Primary (Policy Research),"Does not return to water supply"
Water Consumption,AI data centers vs traditional: water consumption multiple,10-50,x,2025,Global,Introl 2026,https://introl.com/blog/water-usage-efficiency-wue-ai-data-center-cooling-guide-2025,Secondary estimate,""
Water Consumption,Average rack density 2023,36,kW per rack,2023,Global,Net Zero Insights,https://netzeroinsights.com/resources/how-ai-intensifying-data-center-water-consumption/,Primary (Research),""
Water Consumption,Average rack density projected 2027,50,kW per rack,2027,Global,Net Zero Insights,https://netzeroinsights.com/resources/how-ai-intensifying-data-center-water-consumption/,Primary (Research),""
Water Consumption,NVIDIA Rubin Ultra NVL576 rack TDP (projected),600,kW per rack,2027,Global,NVIDIA GTC 2025 / Net Zero Insights,https://netzeroinsights.com/resources/how-ai-intensifying-data-center-water-consumption/,Primary (Company Announcement),""
Clean Energy,Tech sector share of global corporate renewable PPAs (2025),40,%,2025,Global,IEA - Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),""
Clean Energy,SMR pipeline with data center operators (end-2024),25,GW,Year-end 2024,Global,IEA - Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),""
Clean Energy,SMR pipeline with data center operators (April 2026),45,GW,April 2026,Global,IEA - Key Questions on Energy and AI,https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai,Primary (IGO),"80% increase in 16 months"
Market Size,Global data center market (Fortune BI),269.79,Billion USD,2025,Global,Fortune Business Insights,https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/data-center-market-109851,Primary (Market Research),""
Market Size,Global data center market (Fortune BI projected),300.64,Billion USD,2026,Global,Fortune Business Insights,https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/data-center-market-109851,Primary (Market Research),""
Market Size,Internet data center market (Research and Markets / IDC report),77.98,Billion USD,2025,Global,Globe Newswire / Research and Markets,https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/20/3298721/28124/en/Internet-Data-Center-IDC-Global-Market-Analysis-Report-2026-149-58-Bn-Opportunities-Trends-Competitive-Landscape-Strategies-and-Forecasts-2020-2025-2025-2030F-2035F.html,Primary (Market Research),""
Market Size,Internet data center market (Research and Markets / IDC report projected),89.01,Billion USD,2026,Global,Globe Newswire / Research and Markets,https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/20/3298721/28124/en/Internet-Data-Center-IDC-Global-Market-Analysis-Report-2026-149-58-Bn-Opportunities-Trends-Competitive-Landscape-Strategies-and-Forecasts-2020-2025-2025-2030F-2035F.html,Primary (Market Research),"14.1% CAGR"
Market Size,Data center systems spending (Gartner),489.5,Billion USD,2025,Global,Gartner,https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-10-data-center-spending,Primary (Research Firm),"46.8% increase vs 2024"
Axis Intelligence Original,AI Infrastructure Pressure Index (AIPI) Q1 2025 baseline,58,Score (0-100),Q1 2025,Global,Axis Intelligence Research Desk,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-statistics/,Axis Intelligence Original,"Proprietary composite index; see methodology"
Axis Intelligence Original,AI Infrastructure Pressure Index (AIPI) Q2 2026,84,Score (0-100),Q2 2026,Global,Axis Intelligence Research Desk,https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-statistics/,Axis Intelligence Original,"Proprietary composite index; see methodology at axis-intelligence.com/research/aipi-methodology/"
Axis Intelligence Original,Implied U.S. data center electricity consumption 2026 (cross-source derivation),250-265,TWh (estimated),2026,United States,Axis Intelligence Research Desk (derived from Goldman Sachs + IEA),https://axis-intelligence.com/ai-data-center-statistics/,Axis Intelligence Original,"Cross-source derivation: Goldman Sachs 41 GW U.S. demand × U.S. share of global AI DC capacity (IEA ~45%) applied to IEA global TWh forecast. To be validated against IEA mid-year 2026 data."